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Medical Conditions Commonly Associated with Age

Dementia
Dementia is an umbrella term for a range of progressive conditions that affect the brain. Each type of dementia stops a person’s brain cells (neurones) working properly in specific areas, affecting their ability to remember, think and speak.

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Doctors typically use the word ‘‘dementia’’ to describe common symptoms – such as memory loss, confusion, and problems with speech and understanding – that get worse over time.
Dementia can affect a person at any age but it’s more common in people over the age of 65.
There are over 200 subtypes of dementia. The most common are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia and mixed dementia.
By 2025, it’s estimated that over one million people in the UK will have a diagnosis of dementia – and almost all of us will know someone living with the condition.
(source Dementia UK) for advice and help visit the Dementia UK website.

Stroke

Stroke is a clinical syndrome of presumed vascular origin characterised by rapidly developing signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral functions which lasts longer than 24 hours or leads to death.

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Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a transient (less than24 hours) neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without evidence of acute infarction.
About 85% of strokes are ischaemic and 15% of strokes are haemorrhagic.
In the UK there are around 100,000 strokes every year and First-ever TIA affects around 50 per 100,000 people per year.
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, causing around 38,000 deaths each year in the UK. It can also lead to complications (such as neurological problems, depression and anxiety, communication difficulties, and difficulties with activities of daily living).
(source NICE) for advice and help visit the Stroke Association website.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease worldwide, affecting an estimated 10% of men and 18% of women over 60 years of age.

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It is estimated that 8.75 million people aged over 45 years in the UK have sought treatment for osteoarthritis.
A population-based study of primary care data in England between 2000 and 2010 (total practice population of 94,955) found newly diagnosed cases of osteoarthritis occur in 9 per 1000 at-risk adults each year.
(source NICE) for advice and help visit the Arthritis Foundation website.

Parkinson’s

Parkinson's is a progressive neurological condition. This means that it causes problems in the brain and gets worse over time.

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Around 145,000 people live with Parkinson’s in the UK and it's the fastest growing neurological condition in the world.
Parkinsonism is a term that covers several conditions, including Parkinson’s and others with similar symptoms.
We don't yet know exactly why people get Parkinson's. Researchers think it's a combination of age, genetic, and environmental factors that cause the dopamine-producing nerve cells to die.
(source Parkinson’s UK) for advice and help visit the Parkinsons UK website.

Hearing Loss

In the UK over 11 million people are affected by hearing loss — around 900,000 have severe or profound hearing loss.

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Around 40% of people aged 50 years old and 71% of people aged 70 years and older have hearing loss. Up to 75% of people living in care homes are affected.
Estimates suggest that by 2035 a fifth of the UK population will be affected.
Reported prevalence of hearing loss is likely to be an underestimate.
(source NICE) or advice and help visit the RNID website.

Glaucoma

Between 2015 and 2035, the number of people living with glaucoma in the UK is expected to increase by 44%.

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With an ageing population and modern technology making earlier detection possible, more and more of us will find ourselves affected by glaucoma.
Glaucoma is a complicated disease. Put simply, it is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve.  Most people experience no symptoms in the early stages and the only way to know if you have it is to have an eye test.  If it’s not treated, glaucoma will lead to irreversible sight loss and even blindness. 
(source Glaucoma UK) for advice and help visit the Glaucoma UK website.

Tinnitus

In the UK over 11 million people are affected by hearing loss — around 900,000 have severe or profound hearing loss.

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Around 13% of adults in the UK (7.1 million people) experience prolonged tinnitus.
The prevalence of tinnitus increases with age, but it can occur at any age, including in children. Men and women are affected equally.
A multi-country cross-sectional population study conducted in 12 European countries found a prevalence of any tinnitus of 14.7%, with severe tinnitus in 1.2% of participants.
(source NICE) for advice and help go to visit the Tinnitus UK website.
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